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This year''s listing contains 362 jackup units, including existing rigs and announced newbuildings, a decrease of two from last year. The listing excludes: shallow-water units working in inland waters, several rigs of the Former Soviet Union fleet, and those in non-drilling modes. The loss of two rigs results from the deletion of two listings. No additional newbuildings were added.Low crude prices continued to cut offshore operators'' drilling budgets in 1999, as reflected by reduced utilization and dayrates that continued the low levels of late 1998. The U.S. Gulf of Mexico saw rate cuts approaching 50% of early-1998 levels, as did Africa and and Asia. Even the North Sea saw cuts of more than 20%. Filler-metal selection for FCAW depends on base-metal composition, cleanliness of base metal, thickness, a0d service. AWS specifications: electricdrillsafety A5.20, Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Flux-cored Arc Welding, for low-carbon steel up to 0.15 C and mild steel 0.15 to 0.29 C; A5.29, Specification for Low Alley Electrodes for Flux-cored Arc Welding, for steel of higher carbon content and the low-alloy types; A5.22, Specification for Flux-cored Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel Electrodes, for stainless steels.Gas-Tungsten-Arc Welding electricdrillsafety (GTAW, TIG)GTAW rises an arc between a nonconsumable electrode and the work. It joins electricdrillsafety with or without filler metal. AWS A5.12 lists electrode types and sizes. All are tungsten, some with thoria, zirconia, ceria, or lanthana added. Thoria provides higher current-carrying capacity than prime tungsten with less contamination of the weld pool. Other benefits: better arc start, greater arc stability. Zirconiated electrodes perform well with alternating current: the arc is stable, the electrode retains a (tailed end during welding, and has current-carrying capacity of thoriated electrodes. Zirconiated electrodes resist contamination and minimize tungsten contamination of weld metal. ©2003 www.electricdrills.net. All rights reserved. |